
Did you know that frozen pipes cause about 250,000 water damage incidents each year in the U.S., according to Nerd Wallet? When temperatures drop, the risk of water freezing and expanding inside pipes increases, often leading to bursts and costly repairs.
If you've ever wondered what to do if pipes are frozen, understanding the right steps can save you time, money, and stress.
Today, we're taking a closer look into the causes of frozen pipes, how to thaw them safely, and how to prevent the issue altogether. Protecting your plumbing in winter starts with preparation and quick action.
Understanding Frozen Pipes
Frozen pipes are a common issue in cold weather, especially in areas where temperatures drop below freezing. Pipes are at risk when they are exposed to uninsulated spaces or extreme cold for extended periods. Recognizing the risks and signs can help prevent significant damage.
There are three key aspects to understanding frozen pipes:
- Why pipes freeze and the conditions that lead to it
- Which pipes are most at risk of freezing
- Signs that your pipes may already be frozen
Why Pipes Freeze
Water expands when it freezes. The expansion creates pressure within the pipe, which can lead to cracks or bursts.
Pipes in unheated spaces, such as basements, attics, or garages, are more likely to freeze. Outdoor pipes and those running along exterior walls are also vulnerable because they are often exposed to colder air.
Pipes Most at Risk
Pipes located in uninsulated or poorly insulated areas are the most likely to freeze. They include outdoor spigots, garden hoses, and supply lines in unheated areas like crawl spaces or basements. Pipes running through exterior walls can also freeze if the walls are not properly insulated.
Signs of Frozen Pipes
The most obvious sign of a frozen pipe is restricted or no water flow when you turn on a faucet. Frost or ice on the outside of a pipe can also indicate freezing. Sometimes, you may hear unusual noises, such as gurgling or clanking, as water struggles to move through the frozen sections.
What To Do If Pipes Are Frozen
When pipes freeze, quick action is important to prevent damage. Acting promptly can help protect your plumbing system and reduce the risk of a burst pipe. There are three main steps to follow if you suspect your pipes are frozen:
- Identify the frozen section of the pipe
- Take safety precautions before starting any repairs
- Begin addressing the frozen pipe using safe methods
Identifying the Frozen Section
Start by checking the faucets. If water flow is completely stopped or significantly reduced, this is a strong sign of a frozen pipe.
Next, inspect any visible pipes for frost or ice accumulation. Pipes in unheated areas, such as basements, crawl spaces, or attics, are more likely to freeze. Focus on these areas first, as the problem is often located there.
Taking Safety Precautions
Before taking any action, turn off the main water supply. This step is essential if you suspect a pipe might burst while being thawed.
Shutting off the water prevents additional damage and makes the process safer. If you notice any cracks or leaks in the frozen pipe, stop immediately and contact a plumber.
Addressing the Frozen Pipe
Once you've located the frozen section and taken necessary precautions, begin thawing the pipe. Use a hairdryer, heating pad, or warm towels to gently apply heat to the pipe.
Avoid open flames or high heat, as these can damage the pipe or increase the risk of fire. Start thawing near the faucet and work your way toward the frozen section. The approach allows any melted water to flow out instead of building pressure inside the pipe.
How to Thaw Frozen Pipes Safely
Thawing frozen pipes requires care to avoid causing damage to your plumbing system. Using the right methods can help restore water flow and prevent the pipe from bursting.
There are three key steps for safely thawing frozen pipes:
- Applying heat using safe tools
- Starting at the right point on the pipe
- Knowing when to seek professional help
Applying Heat Using Safe Tools
The most effective way to thaw a frozen pipe is by applying gentle, consistent heat. A hairdryer is one of the safest tools for this task. Hold it a few inches away from the pipe and move it back and forth to distribute the heat evenly.
Heating pads or warm towels wrapped around the pipe can also work well. Space heaters may be used in larger areas, but they should be kept at a safe distance from walls and flammable materials.
Never use an open flame, such as a blowtorch, to thaw a pipe. High heat can weaken the material or cause it to burst.
Starting at the Right Point on the Pipe
Begin thawing the pipe closest to the faucet. It allows the water to flow out as it melts, reducing the pressure inside the pipe.
If you start in the middle or at the far end, trapped water can build up behind the frozen section and lead to a rupture. Work your way gradually along the length of the pipe until the entire blockage is cleared.
Knowing When to Seek Professional Help
In some cases, frozen pipes may be difficult to access or resolve safely. If the pipe remains frozen after several attempts or you notice cracks or leaks, stop and call a plumber. Professionals have the tools and expertise to handle the situation without risking further damage
Preventing Frozen Pipes in Winter
Preventing frozen pipes in winter is one of the best ways to protect your home from water damage. By taking preventive measures before temperatures drop, you can avoid the hassle and cost of dealing with frozen or burst pipes.
There are three main strategies for keeping your pipes safe during winter:
- Insulating exposed pipes
- Keeping water flowing during freezing weather
- Preparing your home for cold temperatures
Insulating Exposed Pipes
Insulating your pipes is an effective way to reduce the risk of freezing. Focus on pipes in unheated or poorly insulated areas, such as basements, attics, and crawl spaces. Foam pipe insulation is widely available and easy to install.
Wrapping pipes with heat tape or thermostatically controlled heating cables provides additional protection for extremely cold climates. Outdoor faucets and hoses should also be disconnected and covered with insulated faucet covers.
Keeping Water Flowing
Allowing faucets to drip slightly during freezing temperatures can prevent pipes from freezing. Moving water is less likely to freeze, so even a small, steady trickle can make a difference.
Focus on pipes located along exterior walls or in colder areas of your home. Make sure to leave cabinet doors open under sinks to allow warm air to circulate around exposed pipes.
Preparing Your Home for Winter
Before the first freeze, take time to inspect your home for areas where cold air can enter and affect your pipes. Seal gaps around windows, doors, and where pipes enter your home.
Make sure your thermostat is set to a consistent temperature, even when you're away. If you'll be leaving for an extended period, consider shutting off the main water supply and draining your pipes to prevent freezing.
When to Call Emergency Plumbing Services
Sometimes, even with the best efforts, frozen pipes can become a bigger problem than expected. Knowing when to call emergency plumbing services is important to avoid more serious damage to your home.
There are three common situations when professional help is necessary:
- The pipe has burst or is leaking
- You cannot locate or access the frozen section of the pipe
- Your efforts to thaw the pipe are unsuccessful
When a Pipe Has Burst or Is Leaking
If you notice water pooling, dripping, or spraying from a pipe, it means the pipe has already burst. In this case, turn off your main water supply immediately and call a plumber. Waiting too long to address a burst pipe can lead to significant water damage and expensive repairs.
Difficulty Locating or Accessing the Frozen Section
Sometimes, the frozen part of a pipe is hidden behind walls, under floors, or in other hard-to-reach areas. If you cannot identify the exact location of the blockage, professional plumbers have specialized equipment to pinpoint and address the issue without unnecessary damage to your home.
Failed Thawing Attempts
If your attempts to thaw a pipe do not work or if the pipe remains frozen for an extended period, it's time to call for professional help. Prolonged freezing increases the risk of the pipe bursting, even after the initial blockage is removed. A plumber can use advanced methods to safely and efficiently thaw the pipe and assess it for any hidden damage.
Prevent Frozen Pipe Damage
Frozen pipes can lead to costly repairs but knowing what to do if pipes are frozen can help prevent serious damage.
Baethke Plumbing has proudly served Chicago since 1993, completing over 250,000 jobs with expert repairs and installations. As a third-generation, locally-owned company, we prioritize professionalism, timely service, and customer satisfaction.
Get in touch today to find out how we can help with your frozen pipes!
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